HUBUNGAN ANTARA KECEMASAN, DEPRESI, DAN STRES DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DI INDONESIA SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19
Abstrak
Introduction: Sleep quality is a form of fulfilling the satisfaction of an individual who undergoes a sleep process. The COVID-19 pandemic requires the implementation of social distancing as one of the controls in the spread of the virus. However, it can have an impact on psychological well-being and can even affect a person's sleep quality. Students, especially in medical schools, are prone to experience poor quality sleep. Anxiety, depression, and stress factors are thought to be involved in sleep quality among medical students. This literature review aims to determine whether levels of depression, anxiety, and stress contribute to poor sleep quality in medical students in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Discussion: Five studies concluded that there was a relationship between anxiety levels and sleep quality of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is presumably because sleep and anxiety disorders are both based on the pathogenesis of hyperactivity caused by disorders of the neurotransmitter system, such as cholinergics and GABA. Two studies examined the relationship between medical student sleep quality and the incidence of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the relationship between sleep quality and depression has been extensively demonstrated, the direction of this relationship has yet to be established. The mechanism of changes in sleep quality in depression is thought to involve an increase in inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and TNF, neurotransmitter biochemical pathways, genetic correlation, and dysregulation in circadian rhythm due to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of clock genes. Three studies found an association between the incidence of stress in medical students and the quality of their sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress and sleep are associated with activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis which is also influenced by the immune system.
Conclusion: Based on the literature review, it was found that sleep quality is closely related to the incidence of stress, depression, and anxiety in medical faculty students in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Referensi
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Kocevska D, Blanken TF, Van Someren EJW, Rösler L. Sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic: not one size fits all. Sleep Med 2020;76:86–8.
Azad MC, Fraser K, Rumana N, Abdullah AF, Shahana N, Hanly PJ, et al. Sleep disturbances among medical students: a global perspective. J Clin sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med 2015;11(1):69–74.
Rao W-W, Li W, Qi H, Hong L, Chen C, Li C-Y, et al. Sleep quality in medical students: a comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies. Sleep Breath 2020;24(3):1151–65.
Bianca N, Ketut Budiarsa IGN, Purwa Samatra DPG. GAMBARAN KUALITAS TIDUR MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN DOKTER FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA PADA TAHAP PREKLINIK DAN KLINIK. E-Jurnal Med Udayana; Vol 10 No 2 Vol 10 No 02(2021) E-Jurnal Med Udayana [Internet] 2021;Available from: https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eum/article/view/71251
Sundas N, Ghimire S, Bhusal S, Pandey R, Rana K, Dixit H. Sleep Quality among Medical Students of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2020;58(222):76–9.
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Ursula F, Sunjaya AP, Chris A. 41. Anxiety and Sleep Quality Among Medical Students in Indonesia During the COVID – 19 Pandemic. Adv Heal Sci Res 2021;41(Ticmih):78–82.
Ghawa E, Lidia K, Buntoro I. Hubungan Antara Tingkat Kecemasan Dengan Kualitas Tidur Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Nusa Cendana. Cendana Med J [Internet] 2021;9(2 SE-Articles). Available from: https://ejurnal.undana.ac.id/index.php/CMJ/article/view/5974
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Steiger A, Kimura M. Wake and sleep EEG provide biomarkers in depression. J Psychiatr Res 2010;44(4):242–52.
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Made N, Sukmawati H, Gede I, Putra SW. Reabilitas kuesioner pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) versi bahasa indonesia dalam mengukur kualitas tidur lansia. Univ Wamadewa [Internet] 2019;3(2):30–8. Available from: https://ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/wicaksana
Pinto J, van Zeller M, Amorim P, Pimentel A, Dantas P, Eusébio E, et al. Sleep quality in times of Covid-19 pandemic. Sleep Med 2020;74:81–5.
Blume C, Schmidt MH, Cajochen C. Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on human sleep and rest-activity rhythms. Curr. Biol.2020;30(14):R795–7.
Kocevska D, Blanken TF, Van Someren EJW, Rösler L. Sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic: not one size fits all. Sleep Med 2020;76:86–8.
Azad MC, Fraser K, Rumana N, Abdullah AF, Shahana N, Hanly PJ, et al. Sleep disturbances among medical students: a global perspective. J Clin sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med 2015;11(1):69–74.
Rao W-W, Li W, Qi H, Hong L, Chen C, Li C-Y, et al. Sleep quality in medical students: a comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies. Sleep Breath 2020;24(3):1151–65.
Bianca N, Ketut Budiarsa IGN, Purwa Samatra DPG. GAMBARAN KUALITAS TIDUR MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN DOKTER FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA PADA TAHAP PREKLINIK DAN KLINIK. E-Jurnal Med Udayana; Vol 10 No 2 Vol 10 No 02(2021) E-Jurnal Med Udayana [Internet] 2021;Available from: https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eum/article/view/71251
Sundas N, Ghimire S, Bhusal S, Pandey R, Rana K, Dixit H. Sleep Quality among Medical Students of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2020;58(222):76–9.
Leman M, Lubis LD, Daulay M, Adella CA, Megawati ER. Hubungan Kualitas Tidur Dengan Fungsi Kognitif Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. JIMKI J Ilm Mhs Kedokt Indones 2021;9(2):27–35.
Alhusseini NK, Ramadan M, Almasry Y, Atout M, Hamsho K, Mahmoud M, et al. Effects of Sleep Quality on Academic Performance and Psychological Distress Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia. Heal Scope 2022;11(2):3–6.
Paudel K, Adhikari TB, Khanal P, Bhatta R, Paudel R, Bhusal S, et al. Sleep quality and its correlates among undergraduate medical students in Nepal: A cross-sectional study. PLOS Glob Public Heal [Internet] 2022;2(2):e0000012. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000012
Quek TT-C, Tam WW-S, Tran BX, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Ho CS-H, et al. The Global Prevalence of Anxiety Among Medical Students: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019;16(15).
Puthran R, Zhang MWB, Tam WW, Ho RC. Prevalence of depression amongst medical students: a meta-analysis. Med Educ 2016;50(4):456–68.
Safhi MA, Alafif RA, Alamoudi NM, Alamoudi MM, Alghamdi WA, Albishri SF, et al. The association of stress with sleep quality among medical students at King Abdulaziz University. J Fam Med Prim care 2020;9(3):1662–7.
Al-Khani AM, Sarhandi MI, Zaghloul MS, Ewid M, Saquib N. A cross-sectional survey on sleep quality, mental health, and academic performance among medical students in Saudi Arabia. BMC Res Notes 2019;12(1):665.
Fauziyah N, Aretha K. Hubungan kecemasan, depresi dan stres dengan kualitas tidur mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran selama pandemi COVID-19. Herb-Medicine J Terbit Berk Ilm Herbal, Kedokt dan Kesehat 2021;4(2):42–50.
Tanusetiawan A, Surilena S, Widjaja N, Agus D. Relationship of Depression and Sleep Quality among North Jakarta Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Kedokt Brawijaya 2022;
Sitepu J, Hutahaean R, Jirwanto H. Hubungan Stres dengan Kualitas Tidur pada Mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas HKBP Nommensen. Nommensen J Med [Internet] 2022;8(1 SE-Articles). Available from: https://jurnal.uhn.ac.id/index.php/medicine/article/view/614
Nurrachmawati DA, Nugrohowati N, Simanjuntak K. Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik dan Stres terhadap Kualitas Tidur Selama Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Mahasiswa Tingkat 2 Fakultas Kedokteran UPN Veteran Jakarta. J EnviScience 2022;6(1):55–64.
Ursula F, Sunjaya AP, Chris A. 41. Anxiety and Sleep Quality Among Medical Students in Indonesia During the COVID – 19 Pandemic. Adv Heal Sci Res 2021;41(Ticmih):78–82.
Ghawa E, Lidia K, Buntoro I. Hubungan Antara Tingkat Kecemasan Dengan Kualitas Tidur Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Nusa Cendana. Cendana Med J [Internet] 2021;9(2 SE-Articles). Available from: https://ejurnal.undana.ac.id/index.php/CMJ/article/view/5974
Salim Y, Widjaja NT, Tjhay F, Article O, Sciences H. The relationship between anxiety and sleep quality among medical students during Covid-19 pandemic. JKKI J Kedokt dan Kesehat Indones 2022;7:168–77.
Simatupang NRY, Lestari IC, Susanti M, Sari S. HUBUNGAN KECEMASAN DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR MAHASISWA FK UISU PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19. J Kedokt STM (Sains dan Teknol Med [Internet] 2022;5(2 SE-Artikel Penelitian):72–9. Available from: https://jurnal.fk.uisu.ac.id/index.php/stm/article/view/262
Lasheras I, Gracia-García P, Lipnicki DM, Bueno-Notivol J, López-Antón R, de la Cámara C, et al. Prevalence of Anxiety in Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(18).
Yue L, Zhao R, Xiao Q, Zhuo Y, Yu J, Meng X. The effect of mental health on sleep quality of front-line medical staff during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One [Internet] 2021;16(6):e0253753. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253753
van der Linden S, Roozenbeek J, Compton J. Inoculating against fake news about COVID-19. Front Psychol 2020;11(October):1–7.
Halperin SJ, Henderson MN, Prenner S, Grauer JN. Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among Medical Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Med Educ Curric Dev 2021;8:2382120521991150.
Pelucio L, Simões P, Dourado MCN, Quagliato LA, Nardi AE. Depression and anxiety among online learning students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMC Psychol [Internet] 2022;10(1):192. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00897-3
Mohammed HM, Soliman SM, Abdelrahman AA, Ibrahim AK. Depressive symptoms and its correlates among medical students in Upper Egypt. Middle East Curr Psychiatry [Internet] 2022;29(1):66. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-022-00231-y
Nesher Shoshan H, Wehrt W. Understanding “Zoom fatigue”: A mixed-method approach. Appl Psychol [Internet] 2022;71(3):827–52. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12360
Elbogen EB, Lanier M, Griffin SC, Blakey SM, Gluff JA, Wagner HR, et al. A National Study of Zoom Fatigue and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Future Remote Work. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2022;25(7):409–15.
Liu Z, Liu R, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Liang L, Wang Y, et al. Association between perceived stress and depression among medical students during the outbreak of COVID-19: The mediating role of insomnia. J Affect Disord 2021;292:89–94.
Dinis J, Bragança M. Quality of Sleep and Depression in College Students: A Systematic Review. Sleep Sci (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2018;11(4):290–301.
Wong ML, Lau EYY, Wan JHY, Cheung SF, Hui CH, Mok DSY. The interplay between sleep and mood in predicting academic functioning, physical health and psychological health: a longitudinal study. J Psychosom Res 2013;74(4):271–7.
Wallace DD, Boynton MH, Lytle LA. Multilevel analysis exploring the links between stress, depression, and sleep problems among two-year college students. J Am Coll Health 2017;65(3):187–96.
Gomes GC, Passos MHP Dos, Silva HA, Oliveira VMA de, Novaes WA, Pitangui ACR, et al. SLEEP QUALITY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS IN ADOLESCENT ATHLETES. Rev Paul Pediatr orgao Of da Soc Pediatr Sao Paulo 2017;35(3):316–21.
Siddiqui MI, Zowgar AM, Quality S, Among D, Medical U. Sleep Quality and Depression among Undergraduate Medical and Allied Medical Sciences Students : A Cross-Sectional Study At Umm Al-Qura University ( Uqu ) -. Int J Sleep Disord 2020;3(1):007-016.
Fang H, Tu S, Sheng J, Shao A. Depression in sleep disturbance: A review on a bidirectional relationship, mechanisms and treatment. J Cell Mol Med 2019;23(4):2324–32.
Lemma S, Gelaye B, Berhane Y, Worku A, Williams MA. Sleep quality and its psychological correlates among university students in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2012;12:237.
Gimeno D, Kivimäki M, Brunner EJ, Elovainio M, De Vogli R, Steptoe A, et al. Associations of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 with cognitive symptoms of depression: 12-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. Psychol Med 2009;39(3):413–23.
Wilson S, Argyropoulos S. Antidepressants and sleep: a qualitative review of the literature. Drugs 2005;65(7):927–47.
Wang Y-Q, Tu Z-C, Xu X-Y, Li R, Qu W-M, Urade Y, et al. Acute administration of fluoxetine normalizes rapid eye movement sleep abnormality, but not depressive behaviors in olfactory bulbectomized rats. J Neurochem 2012;120(2):314–24.
Gregory AM, Rijsdijk F V, Dahl RE, McGuffin P, Eley TC. Associations between sleep problems, anxiety, and depression in twins at 8 years of age. Pediatrics 2006;118(3):1124–32.
Monteleone P, Martiadis V, Maj M. Circadian rhythms and treatment implications in depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011;35(7):1569–74.
Olbrich S, Arns M. EEG biomarkers in major depressive disorder: discriminative power and prediction of treatment response. Int Rev Psychiatry 2013;25(5):604–18.
Wichniak A, Wierzbicka A, Jernajczyk W. Sleep as a biomarker for depression. Int Rev Psychiatry 2013;25(5):632–45.
Steiger A, Kimura M. Wake and sleep EEG provide biomarkers in depression. J Psychiatr Res 2010;44(4):242–52.
Wang Y-Q, Li R, Zhang M-Q, Zhang Z, Qu W-M, Huang Z-L. The Neurobiological Mechanisms and Treatments of REM Sleep Disturbances in Depression. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015;13(4):543–53.
Kang S-G, Lee H-J, Kim L, Winkelman JW. Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Depression BT - Understanding Depression: Volume 2. Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Treatment [Internet]. In: Kim Y-K, editor. . Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2018. page 113–21.Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6577-4_8
Fraigne JJ, Torontali ZA, Snow MB, Peever JH. REM Sleep at its Core - Circuits, Neurotransmitters, and Pathophysiology. Front Neurol 2015;6:123.
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Diterbitkan
2023-02-22
##submission.howToCite##
KURNIAWAN, Komang Wahyu et al.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KECEMASAN, DEPRESI, DAN STRES DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DI INDONESIA SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19.
Essence of Scientific Medical Journal, [S.l.], v. 20, n. 2, p. 87-96, feb. 2023.
ISSN 2655-6472.
Tersedia pada: <http://103.29.196.112/index.php/essential/article/view/92950>. Tanggal Akses: 04 mar. 2026
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