PENGGUNAAN CRISPR-CAS SYSTEM SEBAGAI SOLUSI MENGHADAPI RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA PADA BAKTERI

Robby Soetedjo; Leonardo Alexander; Nikolaus Tobian

Robby Soetedjo Program Studi Sarjana Kedokteran dan Profesi Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jakarta, Indonesia
Leonardo Alexander Program Studi Sarjana Kedokteran dan Profesi Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jakarta, Indonesia
Nikolaus Tobian Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya

Abstrak

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem due to excessive and irrational use of antibiotics so as to eliminate pathogenic germs and normal flora in the body. This triggers the formation of bacteria that are multiresistant to various antibiotics. WHO estimates that the global death rate due to antimicrobial resistance has reached 700,000/year and the costs to be incurred for health facilities to overcome antimicrobial resistance are estimated at around 1.5 billion dollars/year. In addition to antibiotics, many innovative therapies that can be applied in the face of AMR (Antimicrobial Resistance) bacteria for example are CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) which have been proven to be used to target genes from pathogenic bacteria such as encoding biofilm formation, virulence factors, or specifically antimicrobial resistance. The target is also specific without affecting other normal flora so that it can be the first choice in treating diseases due to antimicrobial resistance.

Discussion: Literature studies show that CRISPR therapy accompanied by CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) has been shown to be capable of genome editing by cutting genes that play a role in virulence, metabolism, and antimicrobial resistance enzymes such as the blah, sul2, and mcr-1 genes in vivo or in vitro so that resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Shewanella algae can be eliminated or become sensitive again to antibiotics that were initially given before CRISPR therapy is carried out. CRISPR-Cas9 can also function as a gene expression controller by activating or inhibiting gene expression using modifying Cas9 to dCas9 and can be used as an application in the FLASH method to detect sequences with a small number of samples.

Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that Cas9-based CRISPR therapy has the potential to be a mainstay for antimicrobial resistance therapy.

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